Infertility

Definition

Infertility affects approximately 10% to 15% of all couples in the United States. About 30% to 40% of all infertility is attributed to the female, and 30% to 40% to the male; about 20% is due to a combination of male and female factors. Approximately 50% of these infertile couples achieve pregnancy.

Causes of Infertility

Infertility may be occur due to various causes. Various factors that may cause female infertility such as Functional, anatomic, tubal and peritoneal factors, cervical factors, psychosocial problems.

The Functional factor that may cause Infertility. In which Functional factor, any defect or malfunction of this axis can cause infertility due to insufficient gonadotropin secretions. Insufficient gonadotropin levels may result from infections, tumors, or neurologic disease of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Hypothyroidism also impairs fertility.

Another anatomic factor than may causes include:

• Ovarian factors, which are a major cause of infertility and are related to anovulation and oligoovulation. Pregnancy or direct visualization provides irrefutable evidence of ovulation.

Tubal and peritoneal factors, in which are due to faulty tubal transport mechanisms and unfavorable environmental influences affecting the sperm, ova, or recently fertilized ovum. Tubal loss or impairment may be occur secondary to ectopic pregnancy. Mostly, tubal and peritoneal factors may result from anatomic abnormalities, such as bilateral occlusion of the tubes due to:

• Salpingitis
• Peritubal adhesions
• Uterotubal obstruction due to tubal spasm

Other cervical factors, which may include malfunctioning cervix that produces deficient or excessively viscous mucus and is impervious to sperm, preventing entry into the uterus. In cervical infection, it may contain spermicidal macrophages. The possible existence of cervical antibodies that immobilize sperm is also under investigation.

If you have psychosocial problems, then infertility can be attributed to psychosocial problems, occasionally, ovulation may stop under stress due to failure of luteinizing hormone release.

Symptoms of Infertility

Most men with fertility problems have no signs or symptoms. Some men has symptoms with hormonal problems and it may include:

• Note a change in their voice or pattern of hair growth
• Enlargement of their breasts
• Difficulty with sexual function.

Infertility in women may be signaled by irregular menstrual periods or associated with conditions that may cause pain during menstruation or intercourse.

Treatment of Infertility

If you have this disease, then you should be use Possible treatment such as:

• In which, the treatment depends on identifying the underlying abnormality or dysfunction within the hypothalamicpituitary-ovarian complex. In hyperactivity or hypoactivity of the adrenal or thyroid gland, hormone therapy is necessary; progesterone deficiency requires progesterone replacement.
• Surgical restoration may correct certain anatomic causes of infertility such as fallopian tube obstruction. Surgery may also be necessary to remove tumors located within or near the by pothalamus or pituitary gland.
• If you have Endometriosis, then it may requires drug therapy, surgical removal of areas of endometriosis, or a combination of both.